Literature data showed evidence of an association between gut microbiota composition and host pathophysiology. Recently, a novel bacterium has been identified, called Dysosmobacter welbionis J115T, which is closely related to a not yet cultured species that has been consistently associated with leanness, and it is present in 70% of general population. Data showed mice treated with fresh daily prepared live D. welbionis J115T had a reduction in body weight and fat mass, an improvement in glucose tolerance, and a reduction in insulin resistance. Notably, killing the bacteria before intake abolished these beneficial effects.
The lower body weight and fat mass gain observed on live D. welbionis J115T treatment was not the consequence of acute inflammation or decreased energy absorption. D. welbionis did not affect intestinal inflammation and energy absorption suggesting that bacterium administration is well tolerated. Moreover, D. welbionis administration normalised several markers of inflammation known to contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Besides, it has been known that high-fat diet induced alterations in the brown adipose tissue, which is important for energy control and glucose metabolism. In particular, high-fat diet induced brown-to-white fat conversion, leading to reduced energy expenditure due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Administration of live D. welbionis J115T in mice completely prevents brown-to-white fat conversion and increases the number of mitochondria in brown fat tissue, which is associated with a better energy metabolism and a higher energy expenditure as compared with mice fed with high-fat diet mice. Moreover, D. welbionis produces butyrate that is known to decrease the risk of colon cancer, and increase brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.
Data in this study strongly support the beneficial effects of live D. welbionis J115T in diet-induced obesity and diabetes in a mice model. D. welbionis is inversely associated with body mass index and fasting glucose in overweight or obese patients suffering from metabolic disease. The authors demonstrated that daily administration of live D. welbionis J115T to mice for at least for 6 weeks blunted the high-fat diet induced metabolic disorders acting on both white and brown adipose tissue metabolism. D. welbionis should be tested on human metabolism for its beneficial effects on diabetes and obesity already showed in mice model.
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